ABSTRACT
This project explores what dreams might reveal about the collective psyche’s response to the COVIDâ€19 pandemic in its first year, before the development of vaccines. A brief survey, distributed to Jungian colleagues and organizations, and to various social media sites, invited people to submit online a dream related to the COVIDâ€19 pandemic. Four hundred and thirtyâ€six dreams were submitted. Forty additional Russian dreams were collected and submitted by Russian colleagues. Using qualitative research methods based on phenomenological hermeneutics, the researchers categorized and counted the range of COVID imagery. In addition, the researchers describe a range of psychic responses to the pandemic, including horror, grief, sickness, social discord, and violence, but also images of healing and transformation, increased sense of community, and spiritual renewal. Several healing nightmares are presented. Healing alchemical and anima/animus imagery is described. Twelve dreams are introduced and presented. It is concluded that the collective psyche, rooted in the Self, is a healing resource for social and cultural trauma. This project supports Beradt’s (1968) inspirational study of dreaming in Nazi Germany, as well as recent studies of COVIDâ€related dreams and recent publications on the social nature of dreaming.Alternate :Ce projet explore ce que les rêves peuvent révéler en ce qui concerne la réponse de la psyché collective à la pandémie de COVIDâ€19 dans sa première année, avant le développement des vaccins. Un court questionnaire, distribué à des collègues et des organisations Jungiennes, et à divers sites de réseaux sociaux, invitait les personnes à mettre en ligne un rêve en lien avec la pandémie de COVIDâ€19. Quatre cent trenteâ€six rêves ont été mis en ligne. D’autre part quarante rêves ont été collectés et mis en ligne par des collègues Russes. En utilisant les méthodes de recherche qualitative fondées sur l’herméneutique phénoménologique, les chercheurs ont établi des catégories et ont dénombré la variété de l’imagerie liée au COVID. De plus, les chercheurs ont décrit un certain nombre de réponses psychiques à la pandémie, par exemple l’horreur, le chagrin, la maladie, la discorde sociale et la violence, mais également des images de guérison et de transformation, un sentiment accru de communauté, et du renouveau spirituel. Plusieurs cauchemars de guérison sont présentés. L’imagerie de la guérison alchimique et celle liée à l’anima/animus est décrite. Douze rêves sont décrits et présentés. La conclusion apportée est que la psyché collective, enracinée dans le Soi, est une ressource de guérison en ce qui concerne le traumatisme social et culturel. Ce projet soutient l’étude inspirante de Beradt (1968) de rêves dans l’Allemagne Nazie, ainsi que des études récentes de rêves en lien avec la COVID et des publications récentes sur la nature sociale du rêve.Alternate :Dieses Projekt untersucht, was Träume über die Reaktion der kollektiven Psyche auf die COVIDâ€19â€Pandemie im ersten Jahr vor der Entwicklung von Impfstoffen verraten könnten. Eine kurze Umfrage, die an Jungianische Kollegen und Organisationen sowie an verschiedene Socialâ€Mediaâ€Sites verteilt wurde, lud Menschen ein, online einen Traum im Zusammenhang mit der COVIDâ€19â€Pandemie einzureichen. Vierhundertsechsunddreißig Träume wurden eingereicht. Vierzig weitere russische Träume wurden gesammelt und von russischen Kollegen zugesandt. Unter Verwendung qualitativer Forschungsmethoden auf der Grundlage phänomenologischer Hermeneutik kategorisierten und zählten die Forscher die Bandbreite der COVIDâ€Bilder. Darüber hinaus beschreiben die Forscher eine Reihe psychischer Reaktionen auf die Pandemie, darunter Entsetzen, Trauer, Krankheit, soziale Zwietracht und Gewalt, aber auch Bilder von Heilung und Transformation, gesteigertem Gemeinschaftsgefühl und spiritueller Erneuerung. Mehrere heilende Albträume werden präsentiert. Heilend alchemistische und Anima/Animusâ€Bilder werden beschrieben. Zwölf Träume werden vorgestellt und präsentiert. Es wird der Schluß gezogen, daß die im Selbst verwurzelte kollektive Psyche eine heilende Ressource für soziale und kulturelle Traumata darstellt. Dieses Projekt unterstützt Beradts (1968) inspirierende Studie über das Träumen in Naziâ€Deutschland sowie neuere Studien zu COVIDâ€bezogenen Träumen und neuere Veröffentlichungen über die soziale Natur des Träumens.Alternate :Questo progetto esplora cosa possono rivelare i sogni sulla risposta della psiche collettiva alla pandemia di COVIDâ€19 nel suo primo anno, prima dello sviluppo dei vaccini. Un breve sondaggio, distribuito a colleghi e organizzazioni junghiane, e a vari siti di social media, ha invitato le persone a presentare online un sogno legato alla pandemia di COVIDâ€19. Sono stati inviati 436 sogni. Altri quaranta sogni russi sono stati raccolti e inviati da colleghi russi. Usando metodi di ricerca qualitativa basati sull’ermeneutica fenomenologica, i ricercatori hanno categorizzato e contato l’assortimento dell’immaginario relativo al COVIDâ€19. Inoltre, i ricercatori descrivono una serie di risposte psichiche alla pandemia, incluso orrore, dolore, malattia, tensione sociale e violenza, ma anche immagini di guarigione e trasformazione, maggiore senso di comunità , e rinnovamento spirituale. Vengono presentati diversi incubi che sono stati terapeutici. Vengono descritte la guarigione alchemica e le immagini di anima/animus. Vengono introdotti e presentati dodici sogni. Gli Autori concludono che la psiche collettiva, radicata nel Sé, è una risorsa curativa per il trauma sociale e culturale. Questo progetto supporta lo stimolante studio di Berardt (1968) sui sogni nella Germania nazista, così come studi recenti sui sogni legati al COVIDâ€19 e con le recenti pubblicazioni sulla natura sociale dei sogni.Alternate :Ð' Ñтом проекте иÑÑледуетÑÑ, что могут раÑÑказать ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ реакции коллективной пÑихики на пандемию COVIDâ€19 в течение первого года, до того, как были разработаны вакцины. Ð' краткой анкете, раÑÑылавшейÑÑ ÑŽÐ½Ð³Ð¸Ð°Ð½Ñким коллегам и организациÑм, а также размещенной в Ñоциальных ÑетÑÑ…, реÑпондентам предлагалоÑÑŒ предоÑтавить в Ñлектронном виде Ñвои ÑновидениÑ, ÑвÑзанные Ñ Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð´ÐµÐ¼Ð¸ÐµÐ¹ COVIDâ€19. Было приÑлано четыреÑта тридцать шеÑÑ‚ÑŒ Ñновидений. Еще Ñорок Ñновидений на руÑÑком Ñзыке было Ñобрано и предоÑтавлено роÑÑийÑкими коллегами. ИÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÐ·ÑƒÑ ÐºÐ°Ñ‡ÐµÑтвенные методы иÑÑледованиÑ, оÑнованные на феноменологичеÑкой герменевтике, иÑÑледователи произвели подÑчеты и клаÑÑификацию и получили диапазон образов COVID. Кроме того, иÑÑледователи опиÑали целый Ñ€Ñд пÑихологичеÑких реакций на пандемию, Ñреди которых ужаÑ, горе, заболеваниÑ, Ñоциальные разноглаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ наÑилие, но вмеÑте Ñ Ñ‚ÐµÐ¼ и образы иÑÑ†ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ транÑформации, уÑиленное чувÑтва общноÑти и духовное обновление. ОпиÑываетÑÑ Ñ€Ñд кошмарных ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹Ñ Ñ†ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ±Ð½Ñ‹Ð¼ Ñффектом. Приведены иÑцелÑющие алхимичеÑкие образы анимы/анимуÑа. Подробно предÑтавлено двенадцать Ñновидений. ИÑÑледователи приходÑÑ‚ к заключению, что Ñ€ÐµÑ ÑƒÑ€Ñом Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¸ÑÑ†ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñоциальных и культурных травм ÑвлÑетÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð»ÐµÐºÑ‚Ð¸Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñихика, опирающаÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° СамоÑÑ‚ÑŒ. Ð'ыводы проекта подтверждают результаты вдохновлÑющего иÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð‘ÐµÑ€Ð°Ð´Ñ‚Ð° о ÑновидениÑÑ… в нациÑÑ‚Ñкой Ð"ермании (1968), а также недавних иÑÑледований Ñновидений, ÑвÑзанных Ñ COVID, и публикаций о Ñоциальной природе Ñновидений.Alternate :Este proyecto explora lo que los sueños podrÃan revelar sobre la respuesta de la psique colectiva a la pandemia de COVIDâ€19 en su primer año, antes del desarrollo de las vacunas. A través de una breve encuesta, distribuida entre colegas y organizaciones Junguianas, asà como en diversas redes sociales, se invitó a la gente a enviar en lÃnea un sueño relacionado con la pandemia de COVIDâ€19. Se presentaron 436 sueños. Otros cuarenta sueños rusos fueron posteriormente recogidos y enviados por colegas rusos. Utilizando métodos de investigación cualitativa basados en la hermenéutica fenomenológica, los investigadores categorizaron y contaron una gama de imágenes de COVID. Además, los investigadores describen una serie de respuestas psÃquicas a la pandemia, que incluyen horror, dolor, enfermedad, discordia social y violencia, pero también imágenes de curación y transformación, aumento del sentido de comunidad y renovación espiritual. Se presentan varias pesadillas curativas. Se describen imágenes alquÃmicas curativas y de anima/animus. Se introducen y presentan doce sueños. Se concluye que la psique colectiva, enraizada en el Self, es un recurso curativo para el trauma social y cultural. Este proyecto apoya el inspirador estudio de Beradt (1968) sobre los sueños en la Alemania nazi, asà como estudios recientes sobre los sueños relacionados con el COVID y con publicaciones recientes sobre la naturaleza social de los sueños.Alternate :为世界åšæ¢¦:æ–°å† ç–«æƒ…æœŸé—´æ¢¦å¢ƒçš„è£æ ¼å¦æ´¾ç ”究这个项目探讨了梦境如何æ示集ä½"心çµå¯¹COVIDâ€19疫情所åšå‡ºçš„å应, 这些梦境å‘生在疫情第一年, 在疫苗开å‘之å‰ã€‚æœ¬ç ”ç©¶å‘è£æ ¼å¦æ´¾åŒè¡Œå'Œç»„织, 以åŠé€šè¿‡å„ç§ç¤¾ä¼šåª'ä½"网站分å‘了一份简çŸçš„调查, 邀请人们在线æ交与COVIDâ€19疫情有关的梦。共收集到四百三åå…个梦。å¦å¤–还收集了40个俄罗斯人的梦, 并由俄罗斯åŒäº‹æäº¤ã€‚ç ”ç©¶ä½¿ç”¨äº†åŸºäºŽçŽ°è±¡å¦è¯ 释å¦çš„å®šæ€§ç ”ç©¶æ–¹æ³•, ç ”ç©¶äººå‘˜å¯¹ä¸Žæ–°å† ç›¸å…³çš„æ„象进行了分类å'Œç»Ÿè®¡ã€‚æ¤å¤–, ç ”ç©¶äººå‘˜è¿˜æ述了梦ä¸äººä»¬å¯¹ç–«æƒ…åšå‡ºçš„一系列心ç†å应, 包括æ怖ã€æ‚²ä¼¤ã€ç–¾ç—…ã€ç¤¾ä¼šä¸å'Œè°å'Œæš´åŠ›, 但也有治愈å'Œè½¬å˜çš„æ„象ã€å¢žå¼ºçš„社区感å'Œç²¾ç¥žæ›´æ–°çš„æ„è±¡ã€‚ç ”ç©¶ä»‹ç»äº†å‡ 个带有治愈性的噩梦。æ述了治愈性的炼金术å'Œé˜¿å°¼çŽ›/阿尼玛斯æ„象。介ç»å¹¶å±•ç¤ºäº†12个梦。ç»"论是, æ¤æ ¹äºŽ “自性â€çš„集ä½"心çµæ˜¯æ²»ç–—社会å'Œæ–‡åŒ–创伤的一ç§èµ„æºã€‚这个项目的ç»"果支æŒäº†Beradt(1968)在纳粹德国的梦境的é¼"èˆžäººå¿ƒçš„ç ”ç©¶ç»"æžœ, ä¹Ÿä¸Žæœ€è¿‘å…³äºŽæ–°å† æ¢¦å¢ƒç ”ç©¶çš„ç»"æžœ, åŠæœ€è¿‘å‘表的关于梦境的社会性质的ç»"果一致。
ABSTRACT
Germany’s Covid-19 protesters and members of the far right have tried to appropriate two key historical figures associated with the German anti-Nazi resistance, Sophie Scholl (1921–1943), who distributed anti-government leaflets, and Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (1907–1944), the mastermind of the failed coup of 20 July 1944. Neumann places these attempts in the context of the afterlives of Scholl, Stauffenberg and aspiring Hitler assassin Georg Elser (1903–1945). First, he argues that the far right’s attempt to claim Stauffenberg should not be read as a move to deny the Holocaust, nor to reject Germany’s responsibility for it, but rather to distance itself from Holocaust deniers and shift public discourses about German identity and history. Second, he argues that Covid-19 protesters have identified with Scholl because she has been considered the quintessential ‘good German’, she cannot be located on a left–right political spectrum and she represents German resistance as well as victimhood. Finally, he suggests that the success of these attempts to appropriate historical figures points to a lack of knowledge not about Nazi Germany’s victims, or about Scholl and Stauffenberg themselves, but rather about the nature of the Nazi regime.
ABSTRACT
“At the expense of anything?” rejoined Lady Carbury with energy. “One cannot measure such men by the ordinary rule.”—Anthony Trollope, The Way We Live Now (1875)Facile criticisms of Adam Tooze's new book, Shutdown: How Covid Shook the World's Economy, present themselves at once. It suffers by comparison to Tooze's masterpiece, The Wages of Destruction (2006)—easily one of the best historical works of the last two decades, a huge and original take on the economy of Nazi Germany, its geopolitics and political economy alike forged in reaction to the example of Fordist America, its war aims destined to fail because of an increasing deficit in the “balance of resources” vis-à-vis the Allies.
ABSTRACT
Entrepreneurship has been claimed to matter and deserve priority because it has been linked to some of the most compelling economic and social issues of our time. This paper suggests that entrepreneurship is also inextricably linked to a fundamental value common among the western developed economies, democracy. Three distinct contexts are examined to link democracy to entrepreneurship, two historical and one contemporary. The first is National Socialism in Germany, which emerged by suppressing both entrepreneurship and democracy. The second is the rise of the Trusts, or dominant large corporations and concomitant decline of small business in the United States at the end of the nineteenth century. Finally, both measurement and perception suggest a decline in democracy as well as entrepreneurship in the contemporary era. These concerns are only exacerbated in the current Covid-19 crisis. The paper concludes that an important policy mandate for entrepreneurship may be to ensure the independent, decentralized and autonomous decision-making serving as a cornerstone of democracy.